Saturday, August 24, 2013

Different Models of Charging

Actually Charging is based on different Charging Scenarios.

Basic Principles of OCS:

For online charging the basic structure follows a mechanism where the online client (CTF) requests resource allocation and reports credit control information to the OCS (Online Charging System). 
The online client implements the state machine described in RFC 4006 for "CLIENT, EVENT BASED" and/or "CLIENT, SESSION BASED".

a. For Immediate Event Charging (IEC), client uses the "CLIENT, EVENT BASED" state machine
b. For Event Charging with Unit Reservation (ECUR) it uses the "CLIENT, SESSION BASED" state machine for the first and final interrogations.

Three cases for control of users credit for online charging are:

  • Immediate Event Charging (IEC)
  • Event Charging with Unit Reservation (ECUR)
  • Session Charging with Unit Reservation (SCUR)
In the case of IEC,  the credit control process for events is controlled by the corresponding CC-Requested-Type EVENT_REQUEST that is sent with Credit-Control-Request (CCR) for a given credit control event.

In the case of ECUR the CC-Request-Type INITIAL / TERMINATION_REQUEST are used for charging for a given credit control event, however,  where a reservation is made prior to service delivery and committed on execution of a successful delivery.

In SCUR,  the CC-Request-Type INITIAL / UPDATE and TERMINATION_REQUEST.



Thursday, November 10, 2011

Europe Trip

We are back from Europe Trip. Needless to say it was awesome!!

We visited the following cities in order:
1. London
2. Brussels
3. Paris
4. Lucerne
5. Interlaken
6. Pisa
7. Florence
8. Roma
9. Milano
9. Veneza

It was a 12 day tour staring from Bangalore.


We took a flight from Bangalore to Mumbai on 26th October and took an early morning flight to Bahrain. We landed at London at 4:30pm (Local Time).

More details in my following posts!

Till then Enjoy!!

Wednesday, November 9, 2011

My First Post in 2011

I was just browsing around looking for Designing a Better Life and found below from
http://mysuperchargedlife.com/blog/attitude-for-success-design-a-better-life/

Nice Read :-)

Did you intentionally design your life?
A key attitude for success is being proactive in designing the life we want. Obviously, we can’t control all the external factors that happen to us, but we can control our response to these events.
Our response is how we design our life. It is how we live intentionally.
Are you just going with the flow, reacting randomly to whatever goes on around you? Or, are you acting with purpose, passion and direction to bring the life you really desire into reality?
A better life is available to us, but I firmly believe we have to be its designer. We have to be very intentional. We have to take life by the horns and demand from it what we want! Why continue accepting the leftovers? You can design a better life!
Design Your Life With These Attitudes for Success
A big part of taking control of your life is adopting the right attitudes. You have to embrace the kind of thinking that fosters growth, purpose and direction. Otherwise, you are just meandering about getting nowhere fast.
Take a moment and think of a ship’s captain. Does he plan and plot his journey or does he just set sail and see where the wind takes him? Are his actions consistent and deliberate or are his duties neglected and haphazard?


A sailor knows the ocean is a force to be reckoned with and that you have to design a specific course if you want to survive and thrive. Otherwise, you could be lost on the open seas forever or you could be driven against the jagged rocks and crushed.
The captain has to approach his journey with the right mental outlook just like we need to approach life with the right attitudes.
Here are some attitudes for success we all need to embrace:
1. I Am the Captain of This Ship
A ship’s captain has to know he is in charge and project his command to the rest of the crew. This inspires their confidence to work together, follow orders and reach the destination.
We have to really wrap our minds around the notion that we are the captains of our lives. If we aren’t happy with where things are going, then we have to stand up, develop a vision for the future, correct our course and drive toward new discoveries! You can either be captain of your ship or someone else will be. Mutinies happen all the time in families and at work because we fail to fulfill our role as captain of our life.
I’ll admit that I can be a little lazy about this at times. It takes effort and energy to constantly be the captain of your life. However, the alternative is not one that I’m willing to accept. I will not let myself wander off in a direction where bad things can happen!
2. I Will Maintain a Steady Course
A ship’s captain must steer his vessel on a steady course to successfully arrive at the intended destination. If he veers even a degree or two to the left or right, then he could find himself miles from where he wanted to be.
We see this all the time in the lives of successful people, take for instance Tiger Woods. Tiger had it all! He was living in a mansion in Florida, married to a Swedish super model and widely recognized as the best golfer of all time. It obviously took a lot of discipline to rise to this level of success in his life.
However, Tiger let things stray off course. Now look at all it has cost him. His marriage is in serious trouble, his reputation is forever marred, he’s lost valuable endorsement deals and he’s had to take an extended leave of absence from golf. What a waste!
A well-designed life is one that stays on course. There are all kinds of things that will try to tempt us to take a detour, but steady as she goes is the best route to follow!
3. I Will Use the Resources Available to Me
Out on the open sea you have limited supplies. You must utilize whatever you’ve got onboard to deal with the situation at hand. Sometimes this requires the captain to get creative and improvise. Maybe he doesn’t have exactly the perfect tool for the job, but that isn’t going to stop him from doing what needs to be done. After all, he can’t just give up when he’s miles from land and everyone is depending upon him.
I have been guilty of throwing around excuses from time-to-time. Of course, this never gets me anywhere. It just wastes time that I could’ve been using to work toward a solution.
Situations in life are rarely ideal. It is rarely the perfect time to start something new. We rarely have all the tools and resources we’d like available to us. It is certainly rare to have all the information we’d like to take most, if not all, of the risk out of our endeavors. This is just the way the journey goes. We can’t give up or let it stop us. We just have to press on using the best resources we’ve got.
4. I Will Weather the Storms and Survive
Every captain knows that sooner or later he is going to face a storm. It is going to rain. The wind is going to oppose you and the waves are going to get big and scary. This is just a fact of life on the ocean. You’ve got to be prepared for it.
Storms blow in life too. In fact, if you aren’t facing any opposition, then you likely aren’t doing anything worth a hoot. Every meaningful conquest has had its share of opponents. You are naive to think that your journey will be a cakewalk.
Instead, we need to brace ourselves. We need to expect resistance and steel ourselves against it. Storms have sank more than one unprepared ship. The ocean floor is littered with their treasure. Don’t let yourself get caught off guard!
5. I Am Committed to My Destination
A captain has to know exactly where he wants his ship to arrive before he ever departs. He has to be committed to this destination or he’ll never get there. Once he sets sail, he will feel like everything Mother Nature has is working against this goal. However, if he is determined, prepared and persistent, then eventually he’ll find himself anchored in the port of his design.
Before you set out toward a better life, ask yourself what it will cost you to get there. Are you willing to pay that price? Success doesn’t come cheap. It will require sacrifice. It will take hard work. It might even cost you some money along the way. Are you committed? Will you do whatever it takes to push through to your final destination? If so, then you are ready to set sail!
These Attitudes for Success Are Treasures
Whatever it is that you call success is out there waiting for you. You can design a path to get it. The attitudes I’ve offered here are the map guiding your way. What are you waiting for? Why not get started on the priceless journey to a better life? Bon voyage and good hunting!
What other attitudes are needed to design a better life? Leave me a comment and let me know!

Saturday, March 20, 2010

Nice Saturday

Finally made a comeback to my blog!!

It was a nice Saturday for me! Had a peaceful sleep after very hectic work schedule since 3 months.

Will come up with more entries soon!!! :)
~Vicky

Wednesday, January 9, 2008

My Trips so far

Just to recollect and make a list of all the trips I have been to so far. It would go like this:

1. Delhi-Dehradun - 2007 Diwali with Family
2. Lonavla-Khandala - June 2007 with Family
3. Delhi - December 2006 a short individual trip to meet dad and mom.
4. Delhi - Udaipur October 2007 with Family
5. Kashmir - October 2005 with Family & Granny this time.
6. Frequent chennai trips during 2002-2003 to meet dad.
7. Swadi-Tapovana during Engineering. I think it was in 4th sem with santosh.
8. Trip to Irupu falls, coorg with Caritor Comms in 2004.
9. Tirupathi trip in 1999, after 1st sem, 2nd sem, 5th sem, 6th sem, 7th sem.
10. Memorable trip to Tirupathi 2006 June for my sisters marraige.
11. North India Trip in October 1997. This time to Nepal. What a trip it was. A 23 days trip. Will explain it completely. An awesome trip of my life.

The North India Tour in October 1997 started on October 11 and ended on November 2nd.

Saw the following places:
1. Chennai - Had dosa in Hotel Dasaprakash
2. New Delhi.
3. Jammu - Vaishno Devi Temple.
4. Shimla
5. Varanasi - Kashi
6. Gaya - Saw Bodh Gaya also
7. Gohrakhpur stop.
8. Nepal - Saw wonderful Kathmandhu - Pashupathinath temple.
9. Darjeeling
10. Culcutta - 3 days of food and sleep with Victoria Memorial, VidyaSagar Sethu, K C Das sweets, Kali Temple.
11. Culcutta to Chennai by Koramandal Express!! Gr8 food i should say.
12. Back to Bangalore to JP Nagr House on 2nd November 1997.

We were 8 of us. Me, my sis, mom and dad with My Dad's sister, their two sons, and Granny!.
I cant believe we could see so many places. Man! Can you imagine seeing almost 9 states and 2 countries in 23 days. It was a fairytale trip. All credit to dad on all the trip.

Thanks dad !! he he.

Well if you think its less well think again :)

4yrs Work experience

This Jan 12 marks 4yrs of work experience for me which is memorable I would say .Feels great internally. Yeah personally I have learnt so much in these four years. More on those in my later posts.

My first job was in Caritor, near south end circle. I can never forget Caritor training days (30) which i relish the most among the trainings. coz that was maximum fun that any group of 15 new joinees could have done. We have even played a game of Antakshari in Training room.

Nevertheless we all worked hard when we were put into our projects.

Now a little background. I finished my BE(E&C) in the month of June 2003. Then I was very much interested in doing my masters from US. I had given GRE in 2002. But was ready to give once more to get into Top 10 this time because I had got a good percentage in BE and had just finished a decent MATLAB project at IISc Bangalore. We worked on a "white paper".

Ah! IISc name itself brings so much of peace, enthusiasm and passion that nothing else would replace this great Institute. I had started dreaming of doing my Mtech-Phd or an MS-Phd.

Then came the shock. A state of confusion to whether persue studies or go for 'Hi-Tech' software work. This state hanunted me like crazy. It freaked me out. This came because I many of my classmates were hitting into hi-fi software companies and I was tempted to go for work. And I too thought that I need to have some experience before I go for Masters.

This is not a regret blog that I should have done Masters and I dont have any regrets in choosing software field. Its fine. Its just that my priorities towards Masters have changed.

good bye for now.

Wednesday, May 30, 2007

Well Moved on in Life? Now GMAT :)

Wow!

Hip Hip Hurray. Its been two to three days now that I am very much interested and kinda looks like committed to GMAT as my main GOAL .. ofcourse MBA abroad yaar!

Its been from a longtime now that a feeling of getting a graduation/post graduation from Top Notch University is getting into me too much. I just love it and that feeling. . .

Well well well . . its too far. let me just take it step by step.

First things first !!!

I saw fantastic GMAT blogs from 2-3 days as I said. I am sure MBA Demon is back and with a Bang this time.. .

I dont have lot of time to write how actually I decided this, however I will not miss out on basic things which i need to concentrate on.

1. GMAT Date
2. All the books required for GMAT. Ah! those new books and again the feeling of getting into mood of studying and excelling!

ok. Now time to list down the books

  • The Official Guide for GMAT Review, 11th Edition
  • Kaplan GMAT, 2007 Edition: Premier Program (Kaplan Gmat (Book & CD-Rom))
  • Sentence Correction GMAT Preparation Guide (Manhattan Gmat Prep)
These books are a must. The OG is a must. I have told this several times that doing and redoing the OG is the key.

The Kaplan Gmat book will help you know the question type better. It has good theory and will give you a solid background in all the sections.

The Sc part is not very good in this book. So you will need a special SC book. No book does it better than the Manhattan SC. My acuracy in SC improved drastically.

I cannot imagine my gmat prep without these books.

I am feeling ki i need to work on the verbal/quant section??

Okay! You can get these books:
  • The Official Guide for GMAT Quantitative Review
  • The Official Guide for GMAT Verbal Review
  • Kaplan GMAT Verbal Workbook
  • Kaplan GMAT Math Workbook
A must must buy for people aiming for somewhere around 750...anyone aiming above than 700 should do this book. And I am very sure that this book will improve your score by 20-30 points if you follow this book well. No surprises here!!

"Kaplan GMAT 800 2008-2009"

or the test materials:

GMAT prep...free to download
Kaplan cd...comes with the book
Apart from that paper tests...both power prep ones and kaplan ones.
And if you get timeyou can always help yourself with some tests there on the web.
But I really dont think you need to spend extra bucks for taking practice tests.


Ok bye, will keep you all posted .

Too early to say anything.